Modes of Heat Transfer Conduction, Convection, Advection and Radiation
What is heat transfer?
Heat transfer is defined as the transmission of energy from one region to another. It is occurring as the result of temperature difference. So, the temperature difference is the driving force of heat transfer. It happened in one or a combination of the following primary modes 1) Conduction, 2) Convection, 3) Radiation
In each mode, the heat exchange occurs in the same direction that is from higher temperature to lower temperature. However, each has different controlling laws.
Conduction
Conduction is the transfer of heat from one region of a substance to another region of the same substance or to another substance in contact with it, without any considerable displacement of molecules of the substance. Here the exchange of energy occurred by the direct interaction between molecules having a difference in temperature.
In solid substance, there are two mechanisms to explain the conduction
a. Lattice vibration - heat transfer by the impact of the fastest moving atom/ molecule with adjacent molecules.
b. Transport of free electrons
🔗Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction - Assumption, Essential Features and Equation
Convection
Convection is the heat transfer by direct transport of medium itself that is mixing of one portion of the fluid with another. It is directly linked with the transport of the medium itself, so it is only possible in fluid medium i.e. in liquids and gases. Convection is two type
a. Free natural convection: Fluid move by virtue of the difference in hot and cold fluid densities.
b. Forced convection: By forced movement of fluid using pump and blower
Out of three modes of heat transfer, conduction is the most heavily studied mode of heat transfer because it is strongly influenced by turbulence, fluid properties, and geometry.
Advection: Advection is another type of heat transfer in which hot material itself move through fluid by the velocity of fluid.
Radiation
Heat transfer through space and or matter by means other than conduction and convection. Here heat transfer occurs in the form of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves will travel through a vacuum. So, radiation requires no physical medium for propagation. All bodies radiate heat. If a body emits more heat radiation than it receives, it is called a hot body; if the body receives more heat than the heat it radiates, it is called a cold body.
🔗Laws Of Radiation Heat Transfer – Wien’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Law And Stefan-Boltzmann Law
